Pandemic Food Prices Preventing HIV-Positive Ugandan Women from Taking Medication
This story was originally published May 21, 2020 by the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Before Uganda's coronavirus lockdown, HIV-positive Matina had a morning routine. After waking she drank tea, ate something small, and took her antiretroviral drugs as doctors instructed.
But since restrictions to stop the spread of COVID-19 were introduced in March, her situation has changed. She has nothing to eat so she avoids her medicine as it makes her feel nauseous and dizzy if taken without food.
Matina, 67 - who asked to go by her first name for fear of stigma due to having HIV since 2014 - said her relatives cannot work due to rules against travel and non-essential services. The seven children she supports eat at most one meal a day.
"Corona has brought so many problems to me," Matina told the Thomson Reuters Foundation while sitting outside her small grass-roof home in a leafy, poor part of Gulu, northern Uganda.
"Getting food is not easy. I cannot buy beans because the price has increased and I cannot afford it. There's no money. Maybe corona is better because the hunger will just kill you."
Two months into a lockdown to prevent the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, many Ugandans are struggling.
In Uganda, about 1.4 million people, or just over 3% of the population, are living with HIV or AIDS, according to government figures, one of the highest rates in east Africa, with about 23,000 people dying each year and 50,000 new infections.
Women are disproportionately affected, accounting for nearly 60% of adults living with HIV. New infections among young women aged 15–24 years are more than double those among young men and stigma against those with HIV is rife.
Uganda has, however, made major strides to combat HIV/AIDS, bringing the infection rate down from 18.5 percent in 1992, according to U.N. data, with one million people on drugs to slow HIV developing and hold off progression into AIDS.
The national parliament in 2014 criminalized the intentional transmission of the disease.
RACE TO STEM VIRUS
But the fast spread of the coronavirus meant Uganda's lockdown included a nationwide travel ban imposed with one hour's notice, leaving no opportunity to plan.
More on the impact of COVID-19 around the world
Local authorities told the Thomson Reuters Foundation they had no time to make proper provision for people with chronic illnesses, or those who needed emergency healthcare.
At least 11 pregnant women have died because of problems accessing maternal healthcare, according to the Kampala-based Women's Pro-Bono Initiative.
"This element was not addressed at the initial stage of this lockdown due to the pandemic," said Dr. Kaggwa Mugagga, HIV advisor at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Uganda.
"We had to sit back and look at what was the impact of the lockdown on various programs."
He said at first there were problems distributing medicine but increasing numbers of volunteers are cycling and on motorcycles to deliver drugs to HIV patients whose compromised immune systems are feared to put them at greater risk of COVID-19.
Uganda's Ministry of Health has also set up a program to allow community health workers to collect HIV pills for patients.
But more recently, Mugagga he said he has heard increasing reports about food shortages due to people being unable to work.
The ongoing uncertainty has been "psychological torture" for people with HIV, he said.
Dr. Joshua Musinguzi, the AIDS control manager in Uganda's Ministry of Health, said the government has been trying to address problems with food as well as supplying people with the drugs they need. The government has also urged the public not to relax efforts in combatting HIV/AIDS despite all energies being targeted towards fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, which has so far infected about 250 people in Uganda.
"We are not in normal times so it is possible that not all of them are being reached ... there could be gaps and patients could be experiencing hardships," said Musinguzi.
The AIDS Support Organization (TASO), a non-governmental organization set up in 1987, is continuing with testing, the distribution of medication, home visits for bedridden patients, and following up with people who miss appointments. Michael Ochwo, TASO's Gulu center programs manager, said while some patients say they are struggling to eat, "currently the funding does not provide for food." He said TASO is speaking to the government taskforces to see what can be done.
In Layibi, a neighbourhood in Gulu, Walter Ojara, 49, is mourning his sister, whom he described as friendly and popular. Beatrice Oceer, who was HIV positive, died aged 33 on March 21, days after the ban on public transport came into force.
Oceer was a victim of domestic violence and previously stopped taking antiretroviral medication for a few months when she escaped her husband, Walter explained. In the months before the lockdown, she contracted tuberculosis and again missed medication when she had no food to take it with.
As the pandemic began to spread, she stopped eating totally.
"The impact of the lockdown caused a lot of problems because there's no movement, no money, no one can support you," Ojara told the Thomson Reuters Foundation outside the metal-sheet roofed home he had shared with his sister, wife and children.
Oyoo Robert Ricky, a health centr facilitator in the Gulu clinic where Oceer was treated, said a shortage of food was becoming a problem nearly everywhere.
Three of 941 HIV/AIDS patients have died since restrictions began, he said, including a 34-year-old mother-of-two.
In a neighborhood nearby, Acen, a single mother with five children, laughed sadly when asked what she's eaten during the lockdown. Once a day she boils plants, but it's not enough, she said.
"We're hungry, the children are complaining, there's nothing to do because it's not there, there's nothing available to give to them," said Acen, 36, who has battled HIV for six years after contracting it from her ex-husband who cheated on her.
While she continues to take her antiretroviral drugs, Acen said it was causing her problems.
"It's punishing me a lot when you take a medication on an empty stomach, it gives you a funny sickness," said Acen, who also asked for only her first name to be used.
Before the pandemic she would help out in people's houses in return for a small payment. Now, she said she can't afford a mask which she's obligated to wear to collect her medication.
"We would rather buy food," she said.